Does this video show eye muscles? Perhaps taken with some sort of microscopic camera?

This animation has nothing to do with eye muscles. It’s a spatially mirrored integrated function system (IFS) fractal render by Tamas Melykuti (aka Blood2oo1). See the artist’s homepage. The rendering engine is made by the artist.

Artist posted this bonus animation on 9Gag with a title “Actual footage of Sierpinski disease developing, you may also be affected“, which is a joke referring to Sierpinski triangle. Somebody copied it using title Eye muscle and that version went viral.